气象类专业好就业吗_气象专业是冷门吗知乎

2024-09-25 10:43:08

1.国内有哪些城市较完整可以免费使用的天气 API 接口

原文

天者，阴阳、寒暑，时制也。

曹操注：“顺天行诛，因阴阳四时之制。故司马法曰：‘冬夏不兴师，所以兼爱民也。’”

那曹操本人有没有遵守他自己说的顺天之“阴阳寒暑时制”，冬夏不兴师呢？

没有。

而且他还输了著名的一仗在这上面，就是赤壁之战。正如周瑜与孙权计于庙堂时做的SWOT分析，分析曹操的劣势：“今盛寒，马无藁「gao」草，驱中国士众，远涉江湖，不习水土，必生疾病，此用兵之忌也。”寒冬天气，马都没有草料吃，曹操带着北方士兵远涉江湖，水土不服，容易患流感，正是用兵之忌。

“阴阳”“寒暑”“时制”，是递进关系。天有阴阳二气，互为消长，形成寒暑。寒暑四分，形成春夏秋冬，就是时制。

兵家讲天，应说有三层含义。

其一，是天下大势，顺天应人；其二，是所谓夜观星象，望云望气，龟灼占卜；其三，是寒暑四时，天气预报，利用气象条件作战。

第一层是大形势、大战略，举兵前已经定了。

第三层如吴起兵法讲的疾风、大寒、盛夏、炎热之类，因其利害而制宜，利用气象为武器作战。比如火攻要靠风，这就要靠天。

第二层说得最多，但都是宣传给别人听，“以惑下愚”，自己从来不信，如姜太公所言：“智者不法，愚者拘之。”

周武王伐纣，布阵于汜「si」水共头山，当天狂风暴雨惊雷，军旗战鼓都吹断吹毁了，武王战车上的卫士都吓得要死。姜太公说：“夫用兵者，顺天道未必吉，逆之未必凶，若失人事，则三军败亡。且天道神鬼，视之不见，听之不闻，故智者不法，愚者拘之。今好贤任能，举事而得时，此则不看时日而事利，不假卜筮[shì]而事吉，不待祷祠而福从。”遂下令驱兵前进。

周公反对，说：“今时逆太岁，龟灼言凶，卜筮不吉，星凶为灾，请还师。”

姜太公大怒，说：“今纣剖比干，囚箕子，以飞廉为政，伐之有何不可？枯草朽木，安可知乎？”

姜太公把算卦的签骂为枯草，占卜凶吉的龟背骂为朽骨，喝令都拿来烧了，自己率队先行，武王从之，灭了纣。

刘裕围慕容超于广固，将攻城，诸将一翻黄历，当天“往亡”之日，不吉，纷纷固谏：“去不得！”刘裕说：“往亡往亡，我往他亡，大吉，去得。”于是攻下广固。

所以中国人说天时、地利、人和，天时里面主要也是人和。人和是自己人的和。天时是天下人之和。

兵家的天，是军事气象学。至于观星、望云、望气、占卜、烧乌龟背，那是宣传工作，为政主事者从未迷信过。

国内有哪些城市较完整可以免费使用的天气 API 接口

不是，环境工程这个专业是非常有前途的。

环境工程专业培养具备可持续发展理念，掌握污染防治和环境规划和资源保护等方面的知识，具有进行污染控制工程的设计及运营管理、制定环境规划和进行环境管理的能力。

具有从事环境工程方面的新理论、新工艺和新设备的研究和开发能力，能在政府部门、规划部门、经济管理部门、环保部门、设计单位、工矿企业、科研单位、学校等从事规划、设计、管理、教育和研究开发方面工作的环境工程高级应用型人才。

核心知识领域：环境监测、环境生物学、环境工程原理、水污染控制工程、大气污染控制工程、固体废物处理与处置、物理性污染控制工程、环境评价、环境规划和管理

因微信公共号提供城市天气预报服务，发现网山天气预报接口和环境数据接口方面资料比较乱，而且有不少内容已经失效，下面内容由过程日志整理形成，希望可用得上。

一天气预报

国内的天气预报数据，主要是国家气象局和国外两个来源（指数据来源）。

国外方面主要是雅虎（XML格式，谷歌已经停掉了自家的天气API）；

国内数据由国家气象局提供（JSON格式）。

在知乎看到过一篇专业人士评论，雅虎可以提供全球范围的且非常精细的天气数据（小时级更新），但主要是通过计算机自动生成。而国家气象局则是各地经验丰富的专家人士结合计算机综合分析得出，在准确性上更胜一筹。我就这样信了！

国家气象局接口资源及用法

气象局的天气预报主页：移动版普通版 ,仔细挖掘这两个地址可以发现很多好东西哦。

特点：接口多，来自weather.com.cn和mobile.weather.com.cn都有，次数不限制，服务稳定，功能全面，优先推荐。

1. 实时天气接口

有多个接口，好像差别不大：

实时天气1：实时天气2：实时天气3（带时间戳）：一周天气预报接口

7天预报数据 URL：该接口来源气象局移动版网站，目测数据最为精确，详细接口格式如下：

{"c":{"c1":"101010100","c2":"beijing","c3":"北京","c4":"beijing","c5":"北京","c6":"beijing","c7":"北京","c8":"china","c9":"中国","c10":"1","c11":"010","c12":"100000","c13":"116.391","c14":"39.904","c15":"33","c16":"AZ9010","c17":"+8"},

"f":{"f1":

[

{"fa":"01","fb":"03","fc":"10","fd":"5","fe":"0","ff":"0","fg":"0","fh":"0","fi":"06:21|17:40"},

{"fa":"07","fb":"07","fc":"19","fd":"12","fe":"0","ff":"0","fg":"0","fh":"0","fi":"06:22|17:38"},

{"fa":"02","fb":"00","fc":"15","fd":"5","fe":"8","ff":"8","fg":"3","fh":"1","fi":"06:23|17:37"},

{"fa":"00","fb":"00","fc":"16","fd":"4","fe":"0","ff":"0","fg":"0","fh":"0","fi":"06:24|17:35"},

{"fa":"00","fb":"00","fc":"18","fd":"7","fe":"0","ff":"0","fg":"0","fh":"0","fi":"06:25|17:34"},

{"fa":"00","fb":"01","fc":"18","fd":"8","fe":"0","ff":"0","fg":"0","fh":"0","fi":"06:26|17:32"},

{"fa":"01","fb":"01","fc":"16","fd":"6","fe":"0","ff":"0","fg":"0","fh":"0","fi":"06:27|17:31"}],

"f0":"201310121100"}}

详细接口分析如下：

//格式说明

var format={fa:1,fb：2,fc:温度1,fd：温度2,fe:风向1,ff：风向2,fg:风力1,fh：风力2,fi:日出日落};

//定义天气类型

var weatherArr={"00":"晴","01":"多云","02":"阴","03":"阵雨","04":"雷阵雨","05":"雷阵雨伴有冰雹","06":"雨夹雪","07":"小雨","08":"中雨","09":"大雨","10":"暴雨","11":"大暴雨","12":"特大暴雨","13":"阵雪","14":"小雪","15":"中雪","16":"大雪","17":"暴雪","18":"雾","19":"冻雨","20":"沙尘暴","21":"小到中雨","22":"中到大雨","23":"大到暴雨","24":"暴雨到大暴雨","25":"大暴雨到特大暴雨","26":"小到中雪","27":"中到大雪","28":"大到暴雪","29":"浮尘","30":"扬沙","31":"强沙尘暴","53":"霾","99":""};

//定义风向数组

var fxArr={"0":"无持续风向","1":"东北风","2":"东风","3":"东南风","4":"南风","5":"西南风","6":"西风","7":"西北风","8":"北风","9":"旋转风"};

//定义风力数组

var flArr={"0":"微风","1":"3-4级","2":"4-5级","3":"5-6级","4":"6-7级","5":"7-8级","6":"8-9级","7":"9-10级","8":"10-11级","9":"11-12级"};

6天预报数据 URL：该接口来源网络，应该是一个流传比较久的接口，大发现准确性和稳定性可能不稳定。接口分析如下：

{"weatherinfo":{

#基本信息

"city":"北京","city_en":"beijing","date_y":"2013年9月24日","date":"","week":"星期二","fchh":"11","cityid":"101010100",

#6天温度范围

"temp1":"22℃~11℃","temp2":"25℃~11℃","temp3":"26℃~13℃","temp4":"25℃~15℃","temp5":"25℃~16℃","temp6":"24℃~16℃",

#6天温度范围（华氏）

"tempF1":"71.6℉~51.8℉","tempF2":"77℉~51.8℉","tempF3":"78.8℉~55.4℉","tempF4":"77℉~59℉","tempF5":"77℉~60.8℉","tempF6":"75.2℉~60.8℉",

#6天天气

"weather1":"多云转晴","weather2":"晴","weather3":"晴","weather4":"晴转多云","weather5":"阴转阵雨","weather6":"多云",

#6天天气图示（每天2张）

"img1":"1","img2":"0","img3":"0","img4":"99","img5":"0","img6":"99","img7":"0","img8":"1","img9":"2","img10":"3","img11":"1","img12":"99",

"img_single":"1",

#6天天气图示文字（每天2）

"img_title1":"多","img_title2":"晴","img_title3":"晴","img_title4":"晴","img_title5":"晴","img_title6":"晴","img_title7":"晴","img_title8":"多云","img_title9":"阴","img_title10":"阵雨","img_title11":"多云","img_title12":"多云",

"img_title_single":"多云",

#6天风

"wind1":"北风3-4级转微风","wind2":"微风","wind3":"微风","wind4":"微风","wind5":"微风","wind6":"微风",

"fx1":"北风","fx2":"微风",

#6天风力情况

"fl1":"3-4级转小于3级","fl2":"小于3级","fl3":"小于3级","fl4":"小于3级","fl5":"小于3级","fl6":"小于3级",

#24小时内

"index":"较冷","index_d":"建议着大衣、呢外套加毛衣、卫衣等服装。体弱者宜着厚外套、厚毛衣。因昼夜温差较大，注意增减衣服。",

#48小时内

"index48":"较舒适","index48_d":"建议着薄外套或牛仔衫裤等服装。年老体弱者宜着夹克衫、薄毛衣等。昼夜温差较大，注意适当增减衣服。",

#紫外洗车旅游舒适指数晨练晾晒过敏

"index_uv":"弱",